Screening for M tuberculosis infection should be targeted to persons at high risk for infection or progression to active disease. Risk factors for tuberculosis include birth in an endemic country, economically disadvantaged status, and immunosuppressive conditions. Although the TST is the standard test for diagnosis of M tuberculosis, antigen-specific interferon-gamma release assays are useful, particularly in persons with previous bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination or possible nontuberculous mycobacteria.
The treatment of choice for most patients with latent tuberculosis infection is isoniazid monotherapy, except for those in whom primary drug-resistant tuberculosis is suspected. Directly observed combination therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol should be promptly started once active tuberculosis is diagnosed. Combination therapy should be administered for a 2-month "intensive phase" and should, in most cases, be followed by treatment with isoniazid and a rifamycin product for a 4- to 7-month "continuation phase."
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/579389
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